大法官解釋 釋字第709號 |
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| 公佈日期： |
| 解釋爭點 |
| 都市更新條例關於都市更新事業概要及計畫之審核程序規定，違憲？ |
| [2]多數意見所謂「適足居住環境」，無疑脫胎自相關國際人權公約之規定，諸如：世界人權宣言（The Universal Declaration of Human Rights）第25條第1項規定：「人人有權享受為維持他本人和家屬的健康和福利所需的生活水準，包括食物、衣著、住房、醫療和必要的社會服務；在遭到失業、疾病、殘廢、守寡、衰老或在其他不能控制的情況下喪失謀生能力時，有權享受保障。」（“Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.”）；聯合國有關難民地位公約（Convention relating to the Status of Refugees）第21條規定：「締約各國對合法居留於其領土內的難民，就房屋問題方面，如果該問題是由法律或規章調整或者受公共當局管制，應給以盡可能優惠的待遇，無論如何，此項待遇不得低於一般外國人在同樣情況下所享有的待遇。」（“As regards housing, the Contracting States, in so far as the matter is regulated by laws or regulations or is subject to the control of public authorities, shall accord to refugees lawfully staying in their territory treatment as favourable as possible and, in any event, not less favourable than that accorded to aliens generally in the same circumstances.”）；消除一切形式種族歧視國際公約第5條規定：「締約國依本公約第二條所規定的基本義務承諾禁止並消除一切形式種族歧視，保證人人有不分種族、膚色或民族或人種在法律上一律平等的權利，尤得享受下列權利：⋯⋯其他公民權利，其尤著者為：⋯⋯在國境內自由遷徙及居住的權利⋯⋯；⋯⋯經濟、社會及文化權利，其尤著者為：⋯⋯住宅權。」（“In compliance with the fundamental obligations laid down inarticle 2 of this Convention, States Parties undertake to prohibit and to eliminate racial discrimination in all its forms and to guarantee the right of everyone, without distinction as to race, colour, or national or ethnic origin, to equality before the law, notably in the enjoyment of the following rights:……Other civil rights, in particular:……The right to freedom of movement and residence within the border of the State;……Economic, social and cultural rights, in particular:……The right to housing;……”）；經濟、社會和文化權利國際公約（International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights）第11條第1項規定：「本公約締約各國承認人人有權為他自己和家庭獲得相當的生活水準，包括足夠的食物、衣著和住房，並能不斷改進生活條件。各締約國將採取適當的步驟保證實現這一權利，並承認為此而實行基於自願同意的國際合作的重要性。」（”The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions. The States Parties will take appropriate steps to ensure the realization of this right, recognizing to this effect the essential importance of international co-operation based on free consent.”）；公民與政治權利國際公約（International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights）第17條第1項規定：「任何人之私生活、家庭、住宅或通信，不得無理或非法侵擾，其名譽及信用，亦不得非法破壞。」（“No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour and reputation.”）； |
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