大法官解釋 釋字第710號 |
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| 公佈日期： |
| 解釋爭點 |
| 兩岸條例就強制大陸地區人民出境，未予申辯機會；又就暫予收容，未明定事由及期限，均違憲？ 強制出境辦法所定收容事由未經法律明確授權，亦違憲？ |
| 二、以面談說詞之瑕疵作為不予入境許可或撤銷許可之理由，亦侵害夫妻與家庭之團聚權：兩岸關係條例第十七條第七項係以通謀虛偽結婚為得撤銷居留並強制出境之理由。然婚姻之是否合法締結及其有無通謀虛偽，對婚姻當事人係屬何等重大之事由，其認定過程自應極為審慎。面談僅為發現兩岸人民之婚姻是否為通謀虛偽結婚之輔助方式之一。說詞重大瑕疵，最多亦僅得作為認定通謀虛偽婚姻之輔助證據；法令上不應將其作為認定通謀虛偽結婚之唯一理由。否則合法結婚之兩岸夫妻因前述因素（如當事人教育程度、理解與表達能力等）導致說詞重大瑕疵，將無法團聚。該規定影響夫妻及家庭團聚之權甚為明確，且不符憲法第二十三條之必要原則。 三、以面談說詞瑕疵為由作為認定兩岸人民之婚姻是否為通謀虛偽結婚並得為強制出境之理由，亦造成執行官員侵害隱私與兩岸夫妻之尊嚴，且歧視兩岸婚姻：按面談所涉及的問題，多屬夫妻隱私部分；且對學歷低且表達能力不足者而言，為嚴酷的考驗；由於文化背景差異，亦可能產生扭捏或難以啟齒之情形，並可能因而導致被認定說詞有重大瑕疵。由於發現說詞瑕疵成為認定婚姻是否通謀虛偽之唯一或關鍵因素，執行者所提之問題即有可能極盡侵害尊嚴與隱私之能事。此規定，基本上係以懷疑及預設兩岸婚姻多為通謀虛偽為前提；屬於對兩岸婚姻的系統性歧視。本席認為，多數意見以面談說詞重大瑕疵係指有事實足認申請人與依親對象自始即為通謀虛偽結婚而言之意見，將使面談侵害人權之作為正當化，對保障兩岸人民之婚姻、尊嚴與隱私權侵害甚大。多數意見未能將「說詞重大瑕疵」作為不予入境許可或撤銷許可理由之規定宣告違憲，本席無法認同。 【註腳】 [1] “Everyone lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within that territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence.” 2 “An alien lawfully in the territory of a State Party to the present Covenant may be expelled therefrom only in pursuance of a decision reached in accordance with law and shall, except where compelling reasons of national security otherwise require, be allowed to submit the reasons against his expulsion and to have his case reviewed by, and be represented for the purpose before, the competent authority or a person or persons especially designated by the competent authority.” [3] “An alien lawfully resident in the territory of a State shall not be expelled therefrom except in pursuance of a decision reached in accordance with law and shall be allowed: a. to submit reasons against his expulsion, b. to have his case reviewed, and c. to be represented for these purposes before the competent authority or a person or persons designated by that authority.” [4]“An alien may be expelled before the exercise of his rights under paragraph 1.a, b and c of this Article, when such expulsion is necessary in the interests of public order or is grounded on reasons of national security.” [5] “The question whether an alien is “lawfully” within the territory of a State is a matter governed by domestic law.” [6] “…once aliens are allowed to enter the territory of a State party they are entitled to the rights set out in the Covenant.” |
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